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Opinions

The District of Utah offers a database of opinions for the years 1979 to Current, listed by year and judge. For a more detailed search, enter the keyword or case number in the search box above.

Opinion Archive

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Title: Merrill v. Abbott (In re Indep. Clearing House Co.), 41 B.R. 985 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Aug-6-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED See 237.pdf (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 83PA-0986

Chapter 11 debtors, the perpetrators of a massive Ponzi scheme, were subject to a confirmed plan of reorganization providing for substantive consolidation of the debtors, liquidation of all assets, and distribution to creditors based on priority. Trustee filed 2,000 adversary complaints against debtors' investors, seeking to recover (1) all payments made to them by debtors within 90 days of the petition filings, as preferences; (2) all payments, to the extent that they exceeded the amount of each investor's deposit with debtors, as fraudulent conveyances; and (3) all payments made by debtors to the investors, as fraudulent conveyances. On trustee's motion for summary judgment, the court found that there were no material issues of fact and proceeded to issue a ruling based on legal issues. Investors asserted that their investments were subject to a constructive trust and, therefore, never became estate property, but the court rejected this contention due to both the impossibility of tracing the investments, and because imposition of such a trust would nullify trustee's avoidance powers. The court dismissed trustee's third cause of action, concluding that all payments made outside of the preference period, except those that exceeded investors' investments, were not avoidable under any provision of the Bankruptcy Code. The court also held that any payments that exceeded investors' investment were not supported by reasonably equivalent value, and granted judgment in favor of trustee on his second claim for relief. Finally, the court ruled that all payments made within the preference period satisfied the elements of 11 U.S.C. § 547(b), and were not subject to the ordinary course of business exception. Trustee's first claim for relief was granted, including prejudgment interest at the legal rate. This decision was reversed, in part, by the en banc district court decision in 237.pdf.


Title: In re Loveridge Mach. & Tool Co., Inc.In re Loveridge | Date: Jul-18-1984 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Mai (WY Bankr. Court, by designation)) | Case(s): 83C-0071, -0238, -0312, -0313, and -0315

Oversecured creditor sought payment of its attorney's fees under 11 U.S.C. § 506(b), which allows such payment to oversecured creditors, as provided by their agreement with the debtor. The court determined that § 506(b) was an exception to the general "American rule" that parties must bear their own attorney's fees, and that such exceptions must be strictly construed. Creditor failed to provide a copy of its agreement with its proof of claim, as required by Bankruptcy Rule 3001, and again failed to provide it in response to debtor's objection to its attorney's fees claim. Without the agreement in the record, the court found that the application for attorney's fees under § 506(b) must be disallowed.


Title: In re Williamson, 43 B.R. 813 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jul-11-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED See 186.pdf (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 82C-1703

The court addressed the priority of various liens against debtor's property in order to determine entitlement to proceeds of the property's sale. The court invalidated the majority of mechanic's lien claims on the basis that their claims arose by statute and their lien forms failed to satisfy the requirements of that statute. Furthermore, the statutory time limit for filing mechanic's liens had expired. Therefore, the mechanic's liens were invalidated, and a subsequently filed trust deed was entitled to priority over those claims. The court also found that bank's first trust deed included a subsequent advance of additional funds to debtor because both the note and trust deed contained clear language that the parties intended that result. Finally, the court held that debtor's homestead exemption took priority over all liens and encumbrances on the property, except "security interests," which can only be created voluntarily. The mechanic's lien ruling in this case was, at least arguably, invalidated by the district court's Sorenson opinion at 186.pdf, which found that mechanic's liens needed to be signed and verified, but were not necessarily rendered invalid by failure to sign the verification block on the form's reverse side.


Title: In re John Clay & Co., Inc., 43 B.R. 797 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jun-15-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED See 112.pdf (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83A-1323

On requests for rehearing, the court withdrew its previous decision in this matter [112.pdf] based on its finding that movants had not technically been accorded procedural due process with respect to the issue of applicability of the Packers and Stockyards Act to the claims of creditor sheep producers. The court first considered whether any of the sheep producers' claims were incurred postpetition, based on its conclusion that payment to the sheep producers became due at the time and place of delivery of the sheep. Under this guideline, the court used the delivery date to separate clearly prepetition deliveries from postpetition deliveries, which were entitled to priority as administrative expenses if they were incurred for the actual and necessary costs of preserving the bankruptcy estate. The court then considered deliveries that occurred on the same day the petition was filed, finding that the sheep were "delivered" when they were weighed in the trailer and a weigh ticket was created. The court then divided the "day of" transactions into those that were incurred prior to and after the filing of the petition at 1:56 p.m. MDT. The court next considered which postpetition claims were "actual and necessary costs," concluding that delivery of goods should be given the same priority as provision of services. Therefore, all postpetition sheep deliveries were entitled to administrative priority. Finally, the court ruled that administrative claimants were not entitled to interest on their claims, but that the unsecured, prepetition claimants might be entitled to interest, under state law, up to the date of the petition filing.


Title: In re Curtis, 40 B.R. 795 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jun-11-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 83A-2417

Creditors moved for relief from stay "for cause," under 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(1), in order to join debtors as defendants in a pending state court lawsuit. Noting that the "for cause" provision was intended to be narrowly construed, the court held that the movant has the burden to establish a legally sufficient "cause," which then shifts the burden to debtor to demonstrate entitlement to the stay. The court then found that creditors had failed to make a prima facie case of "cause" and that, even if they had, the relevant factors weighed in favor of not vacating the stay. Creditors' motion for relief was denied.


Title: In re United Roberts Corp.In re Roberts | Date: Jun-8-1984 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 82C-2454, -3098, -3099, and -3100

Individual debtor brothers made several transfers to and from jointly owned corporate debtor, including transfer of each of their respective residences to the corporation, and mortgages and promissory notes from the corporation to themselves. The parties also executed leases that allowed each brother to retain their residence, subject to payment of monthly "rent." In bankruptcy, trustee sought determinations of (1) whether brothers' claim that their rent payments were offset by a debt owed to them; and (2) whether brothers were required to assume or reject their leases. The court denied brothers' claimed offset of patent royalties owed them by the corporation, as they had transferred their interests in those royalties to family partnerships and, therefore, there was no mutuality, as required for offset. Brothers were ordered to either assume or reject their leases by a date certain and, if they chose to assume, pay the entire monthly rent accrued since the filing of the corporation's petition in order to cure.


Title: Gillman v. Alpine School Dist. (In re T & D Mgmt. Co.), 40 B.R. 781 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jun-8-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83PC-0889

Trustee filed an adversary complaint against school district seeking to recover allegedly preferential transfers by debtors. School district moved to dismiss the complaint, asserting lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The court determined that school district was a subdivision of the State of Utah under the Utah Constitution and state statute and was, therefore, a "governmental unit" within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 106(c). Based on an extensive review of legislative history, the court ruled that § 106(c) makes a governmental unit subject to bankruptcy court jurisdiction only with respect to Bankruptcy Code provisions that contain the terms "creditor," "entity," or "governmental unit." The court determined that, as 11 U.S.C. § 548(a)(2) does not contain those terms, it does not provide jurisdiction against a governmental unit unless that unit has waived its sovereign immunity. The motion to dismiss was granted.


Title: In re Sweetwater, 40 B.R. 733 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jun-1-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 83A-2582

Bank was the assignee of lessor's interest in a variety of rapidly depreciating personal property leased to chapter 11 debtor, which were used in connection with debtor's timeshare business. Bank sought to compel debtor to assume or reject the leases, and to provide bank with adequate protection for the period from the petition filing date to the date debtor either assumed or rejected the leases. The court held that Congress intended to provide adequate protection for secured creditors only, and not for lessors, and denied bank's requested relief.


Title: In re Hinckley, 40 B.R. 679 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: May-17-1984 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83C-2026

Creditor with a claim that was secured by a depreciating vehicle moved for adequate protection in debtors' chapter 13 proceeding, after having made a demand for such at the meeting of creditors, which was ignored. The court ruled that creditor was entitled to payments in the amount the vehicle depreciated each month, beginning from when creditor made its demand at the creditors meeting.


Title: In re Abeyta | Date: May-14-1984 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83C-2657

Debtors sought an ex parte order to compel the Utah Office of Recovery Services to show cause why it should not be held in contempt for garnishing debtor's wages and attaching a tax refund, post-filing of their chapter 7 petition, as well as post-discharge. Debtors claimed that the ORS debt was for "child support," but that the debt was not "in connection with a separation agreement, divorce decree, or property settlement agreement," as required by 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5), and was therefore dischargeable. The court denied debtors' motion, without ruling on the § 523(a)(5) issue, on the ground that postpetition earnings are not property of a chapter 7 estate. In addition, as the stay was lifted upon discharge, there was no basis to hold ORS in contempt for violating the automatic stay, and debtors had not sought relief based on violation of the post-discharge injunction pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 524(a)(2). The court noted that the dischargeability provisions of the Bankruptcy Code are not self-executing, and that the proper procedure for determining whether a debt was discharged is the filing of a complaint pursuant to Bankr. Rule 4007. However, in order to do so, debtors would first have to file a motion to reopen their case.

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