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Opinions

The District of Utah offers a database of opinions for the years 1979 to Current, listed by year and judge. For a more detailed search, enter the keyword or case number in the search box above.

Opinion Archive

Click here to view the Court's Opinions in reverse Chronological order.


Title: Tracy Collins Bank & Trust Co. v. McClean (In re McClean) | Date: Dec-20-1985 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 85PC-0144 and -0145

On debtors' demand for a jury trial on a non-dischargeability claim against them, the court determined that it was unnecessary to determine whether, or under what circumstances, it may be appropriate to preside over a jury trial, as 28 U.S.C. § 1411 did not enlarge the right to jury trial on the issue of dischargeability. Therefore, the court ruled that the action to determine dischargeability, in which the existence and amount of the debt were not at issue, fell within its equitable jurisdiction and that no right to jury trial existed.


Title: In re Wright | Date: Nov-5-1985 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 83A-0256

The court considered an application by a creditor to recover its attorney's fees as an administrative expense, pursuant to the "substantial contribution" provision of 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(3)(D). The court identified two prerequisites to such recovery, which are (1) that creditor's action must have been taken with the intent of benefiting the estate generally, and (2) there is an actual benefit. The court found that most of the claimed fees were performed on behalf of creditor, rather than the estate generally, but awarded the fees for services it deemed to have made a substantial contribution in the case.


Title: In re Alta Title Co., 55 B.R. 133 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Nov-4-1985 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 84C-1113

A single creditor filed an involuntary chapter 7 petition against debtor, indicating that debtor had fewer than 12 holders of non-contingent claims. On debtor's motion asserting that it had approximately 150 creditors, the court allowed creditor time to amend its petition to add at least 2 more creditors, which it did. Superseded non-judicially appointed trustee for debtor requested that the court clarify whether the commencement date of the bankruptcy was the filing date of the single creditor petition, or the date the amended petition was filed. The court determined, first, that the 3-petitioning creditor requirement was not jurisdictional. The court then applied a version of the good faith test to creditor's initial petition, which required it to consider both creditor's pre-filing inquiry and its subjective purpose for filing, on which debtor bears the burden of proving bad faith. Finally, the court determined that, since the initial petition was not insufficient on its face and was not filed in bad faith, the defect in the initial petition was cured either by the other creditors' filing of their own involuntary petition, or by the filing of an amended petition that named all 3 creditors, and that the joinder related back to the initial filing date.


Title: In re Albrechtsen | Date: Aug-30-1985 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 80A-1762

Chapter 13 debtor executed a postpetition stipulation with its principal creditor, which was approved by the court. The stipulation covered payments debtor would make on a dump truck it wanted to retain. Later, debtor requested a release of lien from creditor so the truck could be sold, but was informed he still owed approximately $10,000 in interest. Debtor paid that amount under protest, and requested that the court clarify the parties' agreement and compel creditor to repay the interest. Trustee's argument that the court should ignore the stipulation and order, which were not referenced in a subsequent confirmation order, was rejected, as the court considered the stipulation to be a part of debtor's restructuring process. The court also determined that the stipulation provided that creditor would be paid interest on the unpaid balance of the debt at the rate set forth in the parties' previous contract, which rate was significantly higher than the interest rate required by 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(ii). However, the contract rate was not so disproportionate to the statutory rate as to be unconscionable, and there was no evidence of overreaching or undue influence by the creditor. The court declined to second-guess the debtor's informed decision to enter into the stipulation, but did order creditor to provide debtor with a detailed accounting of his post-confirmation payments.


Title: In re Fulton, 52 B.R. 627 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Aug-23-1985 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Allen) | Case(s): 85A-0764

Debtors filed a previous chapter 7 petition that was dismissed by the court based on debtors' failure to appear at the creditors meeting, which debtors explained was due to inadvertently writing down the wrong date. They filed a new petition shortly after the dismissal was entered, and creditor moved to dismiss their petition on the grounds that they were precluded from refiling by 11 U.S.C. § 109(f)(1). That provision precludes refiling for 180 days after a previous filing was dismissed for "willful failure" to abide by the court's orders or to appear before the court in proper prosecution of their case. The court ruled that failure to appear at the creditors meeting satisfied both situations covered by § 109(f)(1), and thus considered whether debtors' failure to appear had been willful, which standard the court determined was applicable to both § 109(f)(1) situations. The court decided that "willful" in this context should be defined the same as it is under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(6), or "deliberate or intentional," found that debtors had presented credible testimony that their failure to appear was not deliberate or intentional, and ruled that § 109(f)(1) was inapplicable.


Title: In re IML Freight, Inc. | Date: Aug-9-1985 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83C-1950

Plaintiffs in an employment discrimination action against debtor sought relief from stay to proceed with their pending action in Colorado district court. The court agreed with the parties that plaintiffs' motion was not a motion to withdraw the reference pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(d), and determined that it was a core proceeding for relief from stay. The court reiterated the twelve factors applicable to modification of the automatic stay set forth in In re Curtis, 40 B.R. 795 (Bankr. D. Utah 1984). After balancing those factors, on the basis of only the parties' legal arguments, the court ruled that plaintiffs had established a legally sufficient basis for relief from stay.


Title: In re Arrow Huss, Inc., 51 B.R. 853 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Aug-1-1985 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 84C-3187

Prior to the filing of an involuntary chapter 11 petition against it, debtor's officers and employees personally incurred business expenses on debtor's behalf. Postpetition, those employees were subjected to collection efforts, and debtor requested that the court extend the automatic stay to its present officers and employees with respect to those debts. Noting that the Bankruptcy Code does not provide a stay for non-debtor codefendants, the court determined that the sole basis upon which the collection efforts against debtor's employees could be enjoined was the court's injunction power under 11 U.S.C. § 105(a). The court held that, in extraordinary cases and under limited circumstances, § 105(a) may be necessary and appropriate to effect the objectives of bankruptcy. The court identified three considerations relevant to the use of its injunctive power from case law, and concluded that debtor had made enough of a case to warrant a very limited stay, so that its officers and employees could devote themselves to the reorganization effort.


Title: Davis v. Painter (In re Palmer) | Date: Jul-31-1985 | Status: UNPUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83PC-3110

Debtors operated a restaurant, which they sold within 90 days of filing their chapter 7 petition, and used some of the proceeds to pay the restaurant's landlord for past due rent. On stipulated facts, the court found that every one of the elements of a preferential transfer under 11 U.S.C. § 547(b) was met by the transfer to landlord. The court then considered whether the transfer was covered by an exception for payments made in the ordinary course of business, set forth in § 547(c), on which issue landlord had the burden of proof. The court ruled that, as landlord failed to establish 3 out of 4 ordinary course elements, trustee was entitled to recover the payment.


Title: In re Snyder, 51 B.R. 432 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jul-25-1985 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 82C-2235

Chapter 11 debtor's counsel issued a letter to all creditors, asking for their input regarding five potential "plans" that would result in dismissal of the bankruptcy. The letter attached exhibits, including appraisals of debtor's properties, debtor's estimates of costs, and various payout provisions for secured and unsecured creditors. Trustee filed a contempt motion asserting that the communication was an unauthorized solicitation of plan votes that violated 11 U.S.C. § 1125(b), and that debtor's attorney had inappropriately had direct contact with creditors who were represented by counsel. The court ruled that "solicitation" must be narrowly construed, and that debtor's communication, which was not a specific request for official votes, was not an unauthorized solicitation under § 1125(b). However, the court further ruled that debtor's attorney's direct communication with creditors without obtaining their attorneys' permission was a violation of Utah's Disciplinary Rule 7-104(A)(1), and the attorney was reprimanded, but was not required to bear the costs of the proceedings.


Title: In re McNeeley, 51 B.R. 816 (Bankr.D.Utah) | Date: Jul-19-1985 | Status: PUBLISHED (Judge Clark) | Case(s): 83C-2990

Creditor obtained pre-judgment writs of attachment against debtor's property prior to the filing of debtor's chapter 7 petition. On the day the petition was filed, creditor obtained a state court judgment that exceeded the value of the property subject to the writs. Creditor moved for relief from stay, which was opposed by both debtor and trustee. The court ruled that a judicial lien was superior to the interest of a bankruptcy trustee and, upon entry of judgment, became perfected as of the time of its initial filing. Therefore, the court granted creditor relief from stay, as well as a lien on the proceeds of property sold by trustee, subject to the claims of superior lien holders.

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